Acquired - The Zoom IPO (with Santi Subotovsky)

0:00And how do you get people to be their true selves rather than whiskey? Where's the whiskey? That should be part of your like mobile tape. Like one of the like airplane, like a tequila shot or something. Welcome to season four episode eight of acquired the podcast about technology acquisitions and IPOs. I'm Ben Gilbert. I'm David Rosenthal. And we are your hosts.

0:44To introduce our episode today, I want to play you a little clip from Emily Chang on Bloomberg TV. This is from the day of the Zoom IPO, where she interviewed Eric Yuan, the founder and CEO of Zoom. As you can tell from this clip, Eric is incredibly grounded, humble, and quite a different type of Silicon Valley CEO, as we will see when we get into this episode.

1:06And that's very exciting, but it's also a lot of pressure. We've seen some of the recent IPOs like Lyft have a lot of volatility. Do you feel that pressure? I do. I do, because the price is too high. So you think the price is too high? Yeah, I think so. But anyway, yesterday we finalized the price of $36. You know, today, wow, there's a big pump.

1:33You know, it is it is all of our control. You know, we just go back to work. So this IPO pop last month, put Zoom's market cap at $16 billion. Today, just under two months after he said that it has risen another 60% to $26 billion. So what's going on here? What is zoom and what makes it so special? Today on acquired, we dive in with one of the best people on the planet to help us tell this story.

2:03Supertovsky. All right, David. So who is Santi? We're super lucky to have Santi here today. Santi is partner of Jake Saper on who was on the LP show a few months ago and is here at Emergence Capital. Santi has been on the board of Zoom since he led Emergence investment in the company in 2014.

2:23And Santi is also from Argentina, and like Zoom CEO, Eric Yuan, is an immigrant to the US, which we are going to talk about a lot more on this episode. Before joining Emergence, Santi founded and ran an online learning platform in Argentina, and you also did your MBA at HBS. And I think the class you're in had some pretty good entrepreneurs in it, right? We had some great people, yeah. And I actually saw them last week. We were also liberating our 10th year reunion. Oh, wow.

2:52That's awesome. Does it rent the runway came out of your class? Cloud Flair. Cloud Flair, yep. A few other great companies. Thread up. So we got a bunch of great companies. Yeah, that was a great year. To be honest, it was a horrible year to be looking for a job. It was 2009. So that's why the opportunity cost of starting a business was much lower. Yeah. It's kind of funny. It's like your life cost of capital was very low. Exactly. Yeah. Wild.

3:21Well, Santi, thanks for having us in your office today here at Beautiful Emergence Capital. We're super excited to dive in. Thank you for having me. Well, if you like the show and you want to go deeper on company building topics with David and I, you can become an acquired, limited partner and get access to our second LP-only bonus show. On our last episode, we gave an update on a lot of our thinking from the Uber and Lyft episodes, regulation, and autonomous vehicles. We also answered a bunch of LP question and answers.

3:49If you want to join, you can become an acquired limited partner by clicking the link in the show notes or going to glow.fm slash acquired. All right, listeners. Now is a great time to talk about a new partner of ours here on acquired LaGora, the agentic operating system that is redefining how the world's best legal teams work.

4:10Yup, it's sort of obvious that AI is going to completely change the legal industry. I bet most of you listening have dropped a contract into some sort of AI chatbot out there. Legora took that insight and asked the question, what if you really built something with that power from the ground up for the legal industry? So the founders did exactly what great founders do, operate with obsessive customer focus. They embedded inside a massive law firm.

4:37for months. They sat with the lawyers just watching how the work really gets done. And that's how you get features that customers love, like tabular review, where you drop in a folder of hundreds of contracts, and it pulls every key term into a grid a lawyer can actually work with. Lagora's bed here is interesting. Since it lets each lawyer handle more complexity, any given person can increase the quality of their work and do higher value work. And this means that the pie can grow even as each individual task takes less time.

5:06And they recently launched LaGora agent offering greater intelligence and performance. The agent lets lawyers set an objective. Then it can handle the planning and the execution and delivery of the final product. Legal teams get to maintain full control and transparency since they're still involved where judgment is required. And LaGora works where you already work. You can use it within Microsoft Word while redlining or drafting. The early LaGora numbers essentially speak for themselves when they have a head-to-head pilot with their top competitor they win 70% of the time LaGora now has over a hundred thousand lawyers on the platform from 1200 legal teams in 50 countries and crazily they went from one million to a hundred million in ARR in about 18 months truly insane numbers and that is the real test

5:58Plenty of things demo well, but the question is whether a busy associate actually reaches for it during crunch time or whether a partner trusts it before going into a conversation with a major client. If your legal team wants to check it out, whether you're a law firm or you're in house at a company, you can learn more at logora.com slash acquired and just tell them that Ben and David sent you. Well, David, I think we're ready to dive in. Let's dive in. I was thinking about how to frame this episode on Zoom.

6:28A good lens for Zoom as a company is almost like a bridge, both between kind of eras here in Silicon Valley. You know, in many ways, it is classic old-school Silicon Valley. It is an enterprise software startup. It's located in San Jose down on the peninsula. And the DNA, as we will see, came out of a classic 90s startup WebEx. But it's also undeniably part of this new wave of IPOs in part of the...

6:54plus a cohort of companies that are coming out here. And it's also an acquired theme, a bridge between Silicon Valley and the rise of China and the tech ecosystem in China. So really excited to dive in here and dive in Masanti.

7:08But before Santi comes into picture, we actually start in 1970, speaking of China, of course, in China, in the middle of the cultural revolution, in the Shandong province, which is in the east coast of China, and it's located about halfway between Beijing and Shanghai. And Shandong is sort of the...

7:27religious and cultural birthplace of China. It contains both Mount Tai, which I believe is where Eric is from and is the most revered site in Taoism, and is where the first emperor of China.

7:40was crowned, and it also contains the city of Kufu, which is where Confucius was born. And both of those are going to be very apt, as we will see with the Eric and Zoom, as we go along here. So in 1970, a boy named Eric Yuan is born. It's still the middle of the cultural revolution, but his parents, as far as we can tell are pretty well off his family does, does okay. His parents are educated mining engineers. Eric early on, even though The country is converting to communism. He starts showing some entrepreneurial tendencies. He starts collecting his parents or mining engineers, remember? He starts collecting and selling mining and construction waste and burning it down to get the raw copper inside so that he can sell the copper to recycling.

8:24uh, place, you know, like every young tech entrepreneur does as a child. Exactly. Exactly. And apparently he almost burned down his neighbor's house doing this. So, uh, that was uh, maybe that is when he saw the light that technology enabled businesses were, were better than. Santi, did you know that some new were making the investment that he was so irresponsible and reckless? Uh, we didn't. We would have sold back them. I think he learned a good lesson there because he does not burn capital as we will learn.

8:52And so he goes off to university at the Shandong University of Science and Technology, but his girlfriend at the time, who would soon become his wife, goes to another school that is about a 10-hour bus ride away.

9:03And it's on these bus rides between their universities that as legend has it, Eric starts day dreaming about how technology could one day bridge this physical gap between him and his girlfriend soon to be wife. But many people around the world would lead to many things eventually zoom. But before that, He graduates. He ends up getting his master's degree after undergrad. He graduates. He marries his girlfriend. He goes to work. And in 1994, the company he's working for in China sends him to Japan for four months. And while he's in Japan, he sees Bill Gates give a speech there. This is these are the days of the information superhighway. And he hears Bill talk about the information superhighway and he thinks.

9:46This is the future. David, I was looking at this in your research and it's kind of ironic given how Microsoft missed the web and how then Bill Gates had to sort of about face the company writing that classic internet memo that he wrote. It's amazing that Bill Gates is actually the one who ended up inspiring Eric and so many others. You know, when Microsoft almost had a very existential moment about the internet. Yeah, and crazy that like a speech Bill Gates gives in Japan, you know, in 1994 that is heard by a young man from China ends up leading to the most successful IPO in the US of 2019. Like, the world is just crazy. So Eric goes back to China and he realizes though that he's inspired by the internet, but

10:34The internet in China is so long way away. It's not going to be mature for a long time. And if he really wants to be part of this, what is going to change the world, he needs to come to the US and he needs to come to Silicon Valley. So he knew...

10:47an entrepreneur from China who had gone over to Silicon Valley. I believe it was Min Zhu who was the co-founder and CTO of Webex. Min had come over, I believe, to teach at Stanford. And that was how he got to Silicon Valley. Min ends up hiring Eric into this fledgling startup of Webex, which is also...

11:06communication, not video communication to start, but communication across the internet, the first step in bridging the gap between him and his wife. And the main focus of WebEx at this time was was not video conferencing, but screen sharing. Correct. Yeah. That's how they started. Yeah. Screen sharing and presentations. And so Eric says, great, I'm going to join you. I'm going to come over to the US. I just need to apply.

11:29for a visa or visa to come over. And my family will come on over. Well, he applies. This is 1995. And his application is rejected. But Eric is is undaunted. He continues. He applies again and again and again and again and again. And he ends up playing a total of nine times before his visa is accepted. I mean, it's just crazy. That tenacity and that desire to come to Silicon Valley, come to the US, be part of this to put up with all of these rejections and keep coming. It's amazing. Yeah, that's something else that Eric and I connected really well on. I had to go through a similar experience coming from Argentina and until like a month ago.

12:13I was still going through the process of like back and forth and visa and green card and another visa and an extension and a rejection and those letters that said you have 30 days to leave the country and showing up at one of those info pass offices standing in line trying to explain a case. So yeah, and we bonded over that as well. You just recently became an American citizen. Yeah, congratulations. I mean This is not a political show, but this is the one topic that just comes up again and again. This is so crazy. This is, again, the most successful IPO in the world of 2019 and all these great people involved in it, and they just want to be here and work again. The US makes it so hard. So, anyway. Sidebar over to Santi for a second.

13:00while being a general partner of emergence and doing the work in economic development and creation that you do, did you, you had to like, mandatory leave the country for periods of time to. Yes. I got notified that my status had changed and I had to figure out some other ways if I wanted to stay here. Wow. Yeah. That's just so incredible. Well, congratulations on finally being a citizen.

13:28I hope that inspires a lot of people listening to this show on both citizens and not as citizens here. So when Eric finally does make it to California in 1997, he shows up. He and his wife come to California and he comes, starts working physically at WebEx. There's just one one problem. He doesn't speak English. He doesn't speak English like at all. You can write code really well, but he's really hungry to learn and grow. And he but he's so focused on writing code as a founding engineer of WebEx and developing WebEx that he doesn't actually take English language classes. He just learns and picks up English from working here and working with his teammates, which again is incredible. And even though that's how he starts, he is really interested in management and hiring and developing people. He rises up, he becomes an engineering manager. He ends up getting promoted to becoming VP of engineering.

14:25at WebEx. And then in July of 2000, WebEx goes public and ends up getting acquired a number of years later by Cisco for $3.2 billion in 2007. Eric is then promoted within Cisco to become VP of engineering for all of their communications platforms. By the time he leaves Cisco to start Zoom, after 14 years in total at WebEx and Cisco, talk about loyalty, he's managing 800 people across the globe.

14:52I may have actually reported to Eric and I don't think I ever knew it, but I interned with Cisco in the summer of 2008 and 2009 and worked in the telepresence unit. And so I'm sure somewhere in the management chain, either sort of in, I guess because I was a test engineer and then an engineer, I probably did end up actually referring to. Wow. You were one of the 800. I don't know if they count interns. So by the end though of Eric's time at Cisco, after the acquisition. He was going around and spending a lot of time, a lot more time with Cisco customers and former WebEx customers that are now Cisco customers. And this is going to sound simplistic but bear with us here because it's really important. He starts noticing that they're really unhappy with

15:38the product. This is now, you know, 20 2009, 2010, 2011, and that makes Eric really unhappy. And again, this sounds simplistic, but this is really important for Eric and for Zoom. Happiness is kind of like his philosophy. I want to say a quote that he has here. He says, you know, along the way he talks about his career, I really came to understand that the purpose of life is to pursue happiness, like here in the US.

16:05That's really the most important thing. I also learned how to pursue happiness, especially how to pursue sustainable happiness. You've got to make others happy. If you make others happy, your happiness will be sustainable. So for me to apply that philosophy to the company world, to the business world, if we can make a customer happy, our company will be happy. That happiness is also sustainable. And so if you looked at his LinkedIn, profile today. That's wildly enlightened. I told you, Confucius was going to be important. If you look at Eric's LinkedIn profile today, it doesn't say CEO of Zoom. It says, delivering happiness to our users, your happiness is my happiness. So I'm just curious for Sandy to bring you in here. This philosophy of Eric's obviously permeates the company, which we're going to get much deeper into. But what did you make of this when you first met him?

16:55I mean, we heard it directly from the early customers. I mean, when we came across Zoom, this was back in 2013. That's the first time that we came across the product Zoom. And we came across the company because of a personal need that I had. Being from Argentina, I tried every technology to stay in touch with friends and family. And there's a big difference when you're trying to transact and when you're trying to build a relationship with technology. When you're transacting, then you can deal with issues, even though it is frustrating, you just deal with them because you want to get to the end of the transaction. But when you're trying to build a relationship, if the technology doesn't work, then that's detrimental to that relationship.

17:41So that's why I felt I was not staying in touch with my friends and family because I dreaded those communications. And that's when I started trying every technology. And in 2013, I tried Zoom and it worked. And this was very early in the life of Zoom. It was about two years after the company was founded, but during the first year of its operations, a few months after they released the product.

18:06We not only experienced that the product worked, but then after having those first initial calls with my friends in Argentina, I started getting random invites from other people in Argentina for Zoom calls. So it not only worked, but people loved it. And they started sharing that with their friends. And that was the light bulb moment where we said, there's something here. And then another interesting piece of information is when we were doing diligence on the company we talked to early customers and what we heard is lines up along the if you turn off zoom I'm going to quit my job and I'm going to join another company that has so it wasn't just customer happiness yeah it was like customer obsession customers were incredibly thankful

19:00because Zoom was enabling them to do their jobs and be happy while they were doing their jobs. I think this is something that's really easy to forget. Like a lot of things we cover on this show, technology moves so quickly that we sort of acclimatize to what it is today.

19:17I'm remembering back a friend of mine started a company and it was three of them that grew to 12 of them in a live workspace. And I remember him telling me, my morning is five or six Zoom calls with some of our most loyal customers just to like understand what's going on with them. And I was like, you can't do that from video call. Today it seems quite reasonable because you're like, oh yeah, it's probably Zoom's very reliable. Like that makes sense to me. But I remember being in shock at the time. I'm like, you can actually get the consistency and quality of understanding how your, the customers of your startup are going from doing Zoom calls every morning. From your apartment. Yeah. And I, like that memory is really grounding for me for how bad that technology used to be. Yeah. So speaking of, you know, this was the Cisco technology and WebEx, but for that, of course, there were competitors. Oh, and expensive. I mean, the other thing is in my head, I remember thinking, well,

20:11i've never heard of zoom but what are you using for that because like i know there's like enterprise things but you can't afford that and they probably won't even send a sales guy to talk to you but also like i you know i use hangouts and i use skype like that's that's a very different class of thing that can't be working for you and this middle didn't didn't exist and those technologies were built for a different era If you think about a lot of the incumbents, they were built for time where people were sitting at a desk with fixed internet. So everything was monitored and controlled. Now people are on the go and you're using your laptop, your desktop, your phone on WiFi, 3G switching from cell towers. So you had to rebuild the infrastructure from the ground up. And that's what a lot of the incumbents couldn't do.

21:06because they built this monolithic architecture and then they were just trying to patch it and adapt to the new world. And that were Eric had this great vision that He had to rebuild the entire software stack. And that's what he did. He worked really hard even before releasing the first product to make sure that everything worked. So, Santi, did you, going through all the hardships that you did to try and communicate with people in Argentina, did you have an investment thesis around someone's going to make this better and I'm on the lookout for it or was it more just I'm trying to solve my own problem and oh my gosh, this company happens to be a great investment.

21:44So we are incredibly thematic here at Emergence. We were not just running around saying what's hot and trying to follow what everyone else is doing. The way the firm was started was with a big thesis that software was going to move from on premise to the cloud before it was obvious. And that's why we invested in Salesforce early on when, again, it wasn't obvious. In this specific case, we had a thesis. We knew that things were going to change.

22:11And it took us three years to find the right company. We talked to a number of companies in the collaboration space. And we could never find the right company. And the right company is not just the right technology. It's a combination of the right technology, perfect timing, and the right leadership. And that's why when we came across Zoom, we liked the technology. And then we met Eric. We fell in love with Eric.

22:38and the timing was right. So even though the company wasn't raising capital when we met, we kept on building that relationship, forging a partnership that eventually ended up in an investment. You know, we've already talked a little bit about Eric's background and what makes him special, but he saw all the things that were broken within Cisco. And he went to Cisco, senior leadership and said, I want to re-architect how we do our communication and collaboration platform as VP of engineering here within Cisco and build this product right. They didn't let him because they were obsessed with these were the days of, you know, Yammer and Jive and Cisco thought the future of enterprise collaboration was Facebook for work. I like Zoom is a bit better. Anyway, so in June of 2011, Eric finally leaves the company. He's 41 years old at this point.

23:28Right after he leaves a whole cadre of basically anyone who had ever worked with Eric immediately gives him money just blank check to back him to work on whatever he's gonna do. And he knows he wants to start a company. And I believe the first idea, Santi correct us if we're wrong, is he actually thought he wanted to build an application on top of video chat. The company was initially called SASB. It was more of a consumer play, not an enterprise play. Yeah. But then pretty quickly, he figured out that actually the real big opportunity is just do what we should have done with in Cisco, outside of Cisco. That's when the company became Zoom. That episode that you just shared about Eric's life, it's very unique for him because people wrote him a check, not because they loved the idea. I mean, some people even hated the idea. It's like, what are you going to do this? But they believed in Eric. They had full confidence in Eric and

24:28That was a great lesson for him. And that's what he used every time he raised capital. When he raised capital, he didn't share all the information. He didn't do the typical dance that most entrepreneurs do. It's like, oh, this is my day. It was more about I want people who are investing in me who are convinced that I'm going to do something. And then if I get to that point, then I'm going to open up and share everything else. But if I don't get there, Then it makes no sense because business has changed. And he saw it with SASB. SASB became Zoom. The business changed. It went from a consumer product to an enterprise product. And if someone had invested in the consumer product, they might have pulled their money when Eric said we're going to do an enterprise. But given that people invested in him, people were supportive of whatever Eric wanted to do. For folks listening out there who are sort of first time founders or more junior in their career,

25:26That's a move you can sort of execute when you're 41, have let a gigantic organization and have the track record that Eric has. In addition, of course, to the personality that he has. I disagree. I think that you should always do that. You should always find the right partner, someone who believes in you, before they believe in the business.

25:47because if they believe in you, they're going to be with you in good times and bad times. And believe me, a lot of these companies that we're now talking about, or great outcomes, they went public, they got acquired. It wasn't a straight line. And they had the whole point of the show. Yeah. I mean, you know it. It's not a straight line. And you want people who believe in you who are going to help you when things are tough, especially when things are tough, because that's when you need a true partner.

26:16When things are going well, then everyone's going to be a cheerleader and they're all going to be your best friends. But you want to make sure that you not only get the right partner, but you also get the right group of people. Because partners are just one piece of a firm. You want to make sure that everyone is invested in your success. We just talked about this, but I want to highlight again of the A-plus companies who've gone public this year that we've covered.

26:43I think now three of four have been pivots. I mean, zoom was a pivot. Pinterest was a pivot. Left was a pivot. Uber was not. I mean, their real line of business is not where they started. True. Yes. Well, it was a pivot to peer-to-peer ridesharing. We can debate whether we can classify that, but it's such a good point. And absolutely. We take this to heart. I think any great investor and partner.

27:09does that the most important thing is the DNA of the team you're backing. And if you believe in them, you know, it's, uh, uh, we like to say that the early stage is turbulent. Uh, you have to believe in the pilots ability to navigate the turbulence. So I want to spend a minute before we move into building zoom. So what was it that was making, making WebEx?

27:30customers so unhappy. Sounds to you, I'm curious from your perspective, especially having a thesis coming into the space. Like lots of people and we'll get into other other companies that competed with Zoom over time, but this was not a unique insight to Eric. Like there was something that had changed. What was it about the collaboration space? I think a big change that a lot of these big incumbents missed was the purchasing process for these products.

27:57When WebEx got started and you talked about it earlier, they were selling to IT because they had very high price points. And they just needed IT to be OK. They didn't need IT to be happy. They just wanted IT to be OK with whatever product they were selling. And it was more about, yeah, we're compliant, we're secure. We check all this boxes. If your users hate it, who cares?

28:27just going to make sure that we cover your back and that we check all the boxes. Classic enterprise software is the user is not the buyer. Correct. That change over time. With SAS and this premium models, the end user became the buyer. And then the purchasing decisions got decentralized from just pure IT to the end user. And then IT needing to manage, I mean, the CIO.

28:54now needs to manage all the applications that people are buying independently and that's why happiness matters a lot more today than it did 10 or 15 years ago because now every interaction can lead you to lose a customer early on if you just took the CIO on a big trip and fancy dinner and they were happy with you that was totally fine even if the end users hated your product so that's why there's where you're going to find the next opportunities. Just ask people which products they use, which products are they happy about and which products they hate? It cuts both ways, right? It's not just if customers are unhappy in a SaaS world, you're going to lose them. There's also a multiplicative effect on the upside. If they're very happy, they're going to become evangelists. And the buyers now are actually distributed and have buying power, whereas like with an enterprise product, if users love the product before, like

29:50It didn't matter because the CIO was the one making the decision. It was so funny because predating this like two or three years before this there was this phrase that was floating around in like oh eight oh nine that was the BYOD bring your own device and CIO's hated it. I mean there's this thing that IT suddenly had to deal with iPhones for the first time on their corporate networks and people saying I need to be able to get my email on my phone and it's not blackberry but like I like this thing so much that you can pry it from my cold dead hands and it's amazing that it actually went hardware first and then took a few years to trickle into software and now you know you look at zoom you look at slack so many of these companies their distribution is bottom up and and sometimes even their payment is bottom up because it's any employee with a credit card can can sign up for it so saunt you my question to you is

30:36Why did devices come first and now we're in a bring your own software world in IT? It's kind of we moved from bring your own device to buy your own app. I feel that the devices unlocked that purchasing power because when you brought your own device you had full control on the applications that you installed and a lot of the consumer applications were driving this incredible user experiences because they needed to make sure that you were paying for those consumer applications. So they knew that you had to hook them and deliver value and that rewired the way people thought about business applications. So it's like I have this great consumer application that I use to communicate with friends and now I'm going into business and I'm still using my phone and it doesn't work and I can't set up conference calls.

31:35So I'm going to use a consumer application. So then when you were able to create a consumer-like experience with enterprise-grade security and features, that's when you win the enterprise game and that's what Zoom has accomplished. All right, listeners. Now is a great time to tell you about a longtime friend of the show, Vanta. AI has scrambled the whole security picture.

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33:40So once Eric landed on zoom and got going this after leaving and raising his seed round from all the folks that he'd worked with in the past. This episode is full of incredible stats about Eric. 40 engineers of the 800 that he had worked with at Cisco come over and join him to build this new technology from the ground up that's gonna, you know, pursue customer happiness. Maybe that says a little bit about.

34:04Cisco during that era not to bash on them too much, but it says a lot about Eric like 40 engineers right off the bat and they just crank for basically two years building this product. And then finally, at the end of 2012, they get their first paid customer, which is actually the Stanford Continuing Education Department. And this was super cool. Also right before then, they got a review from Walt Mossberg in all things D. Like before they had a single paid customer. What a great, right? And Walt is just glowing. We'll link to this review in the show notes.

34:38typical Walt Way, just glowing about how great the product is, and how well it works, and it's funny he talks about it as a consumer application, even though at that point they were a business application, but that's how good it was. But anyway, so Stanford is the first customer, and I think that, Satti, let's talk about this. I think that actually ends up becoming a great...

34:58beachhead customer for them, because education, this was the time of the rise of MOOCs, and Coursera had just launched this Udacity and to you, or Tudor, which became to you, and all of these universities around the country were thinking about what is our online education strategy and component, and Zoom becomes the way that they deliver that.

35:19Education's still a huge vertical for Zoom, right? I mean, something like 90 plus percent of universities use it. It is a huge vertical and I think it makes perfect sense for this disruptive technologies because if you think even about Apple, the way they did it, they went into the education vertical because that's where you capture the next generation. The older generation is probably okay with what they have, things are not going to change, but the younger generations are expecting a different type of experience. And then those younger generations get into the workforce and they demand the same type of experiences. So this was not only a great decision by Eric to focus on education early on, but I feel that they also created a lot of value. Because if you're trying to communicate to someone and deliver a message and people are remote, they can show up to class.

36:19And you have a seamless way to communicate. That's going to have a huge impact. So I believe that if we could measure the impact on happiness within students and graduation rates of those people using Zoom, we should probably see an increase there. Yeah. I was thinking about it as education was a great BTEC customer because they were ready to adopt. But that's such a good point too. Like again, what a perfect strategy to go in.

36:45These people, these kids are all gonna go join the workforce. They're gonna show up and then be like, you, I'm using a polycom. That's icing on the cake, right? Timing is all about, are you solving a customer's pain point in a way where they didn't have this sort of pain before, where there's sort of an opportunity for you to slide in there? And all these companies had already bought the IT departments had all bought.

37:08video conferencing quote-unquote systems before and so there was not really an opportunity there but this sort of slip stream that happened with MOOCs that happened with students expecting to be able to watch things remotely it sort of enabled you to go oh yeah that's exactly what we're for and then you get this massive upside later of a 20 year benefit of them sort of joining the workforce and selling within their own companies. So the other really really smart thing that Zim did in there free me a model with go to market was Zoom wasn't and still is free for anyone to use the full product for up to 40 minute meetings. How did, do you know how they landed on the 40 minute? Yeah, I mean, Eric spent a lot of time in this space. So he knew the stats and he knew that most productive business meetings were 45 minutes long. So that's why 40 minutes was a magic number.

38:05And we still have a lot of people using Zoom for business and using the free version. And as you said, they get access to the full product, they get to experience a full experience. And then we see them, they use it for 40 minutes, they drop, and they start a new meeting. And we're totally fine with that. We just want people to use it. And if they can't pay, they can use it for free. And if they want to pay, they can remove that, I mean, that restriction.

38:34Yeah, it's so such a, I think just demonstrate such a great understanding of like the customer and customer needs. Yeah, and the business model. Like when you have a business that requires a network effect to work like video conferencing, it is.

38:51It provides a ton of value to do it with at least one other person it provides literally zero value to do it alone and so providing if you're using zoom by yourself, you have bigger problems. There's got to be some use case out there. Yeah, day 45. I mean people are recording messages with zoom. There are some use cases. But the idea that like to take advantage of the inherent network effect that's both necessary to make the product work and enables this incredible business that we're now seeing really as a public company today, you have to be able to, if you're paying, communicate with someone who's not paying and make that incredibly seamless for them, or even if you're trying to use it for the very first time, and you're not paying yet,

39:43Being able to jump right in on that in a network effect business is crucial to success. It is. And on top of that, if you think about Zoom and we talked a lot about happiness, people are not only buying video conferencing from Zoom, they're buying an experience. And that's what enables the company to do more than just video conferencing. If you've been following the recent announcements, I mean, they released phone and zoom rooms and the marketplace. And that's because our customers want us to do more. They don't want a phone solution. They want the zoom experience with their phones. They don't want a room solution. They want the zoom experience in the conference room.

40:30And that's magical when you get to that point. And it sounds like the vision is really to become sort of a full-scale collaboration productivity company. Is that sort of how you think about it? We're listening to what our customers want and we're building based on what our customers need. So that's why we released this product because that's what our customers wanted us to do. I want to get to, you know, kind of now's the point. So Eric and team.

40:58You know, they build Zoom, they've got the education beach head vertical, the companies and the product is starting, starting to spread virally. You started using it as a consumer to start. Walk us through how your relationship grew with Eric and the investment process. And in particular, I'm interested in, you know, you mentioned you've been looking at the space for three years, you met with their, their, where and are, lots of competitors out there, run by smart people who also get all the problems in the space. What, what was it about Zoom that like you, you were like, this is the one. First of all, it started with the product worked. Even before meeting Eric, I knew there was something special in the product. And then when I met Eric for the first time, I realized that it was more than just the product working. It was strong leadership and someone who was committed to doing things right, not taking shortcuts, not building it on top of

41:54open-source stuff just to patch things together, change the UI and deliver quick value. He was focused on doing the right thing. Then I became obsessed with Eric and the product. I remember stalking him. They had this small office in Santa Clara. Ironside Road, I think. The elevator never worked and they had boxes piled on and cameras stacked on top of refrigerator and boxes. And that was the state of the art setting. And I would drive down to Santa Clara to meet with Eric and the team on a regular basis to build a relationship and try to convince him to partner with us. My goal was to invite him to present to my team. And he said, I don't have a pitch deck.

42:45I'm not raising, so I'm not gonna do that. And the hook that we found was, look, we're using Skype in the office. I had bought a Skype camera that I would use to talk to entrepreneurs. And I hated that. Can you come in and talk to us about how Zoom is gonna replace that? Do a sales pitch. Exactly. And he came in. And he basically pitched us on Zoom.

43:12And the pitch was very risky because he didn't present the metrics and NPS and all that stuff. What he said is, everyone in the room, download Zoom now, we're going to do a live demo. And if you've been in this industry doing a live demo, it's incredibly risky. And we all downloaded the product and we were in Zoom. So did he leave the office, go somewhere else and present on that? No, we were on the same room and we joined the Zoom call.

43:40and it worked incredibly well and people were kind of okay. There's something here. That's amazing. So what happened from there? We were talking about Jake a little bit ahead of time. As you said, Eric wasn't, he wasn't raising. You know, numbers prepared. You started digging in on diligence and then you found a big surprise, right? Yeah. I mean, the metrics were a lot stronger than what we even anticipated. And we've seen great businesses. I mean, we work with companies like Box and Yammer and Salesforce early on. But this metrics were off the charts. And to be completely honest, I don't think the team knew exactly what they were doing because they sent us like the data dump of a lot of information. And for weeks, we try to piece things together. And a lot of people

44:36couldn't even see what was going on. We saw some friends like people were paying for zoom and then they were churning. And in this standard industry, if someone churns, that's bad. But then a few months later, those people came back. So we saw those return rates. People were addicted to zoom. Some people just needed to use zoom once a month, once every two months. Some people were using it on a daily basis. So when we pieced everything together, we were completely blown away.

45:06by the fundamentals of this company. So, having seen the product work, having been obsessed with Eric for a long time and then seeing all the underlying metrics, that's what drove us to, yeah, we should partner with this team and help them build a big company. And we also felt that we could add some value beyond just a capital.

45:28Because we've seen a few of this movies play out in the past. This is what Emergence does. You're able to figure out how to take these companies and professionalize the ability to sell that scale and enterprise. Exactly. Scaling go to market. When we first started working with Zoom, it was mostly focused on the SMB sector. We knew that over time, we had to go up into mid-market and enterprise and that's what we focus on. I remember having conversations with Eric even before we invested where we started introducing him to great heads of marketing, great heads of sales so that their team could learn from other people and take the company to the next level. So I feel that that combined with our approach to partnership is what convinced Eric and the rest of the team

46:20to go ahead and partner with us. And even though we wrote a very big check when we invested in the company, the largest check emerging says ever written, the company never used our capital. So they were not looking for capital. They were looking for a true partnership to help them scale the business. This is amazing hearing it from the sort of Zoom side. Can you talk about a little bit what it's like?

46:45as a venture investor to write the largest check out from your firm in this really high conviction bet in this quite unusual scenario of the way that you're sort of chasing the company and it's not as formal of a presentation like, what is your life like in that moment? My life was kind of hell because I didn't have a lot of experience. I mean, I still don't have a lot of experience in venture. I'm learning a lot. And this was going to be a big investment and it was going to be my investment. I remember one of my partners telling me, Sonny, you're betting your career in venture. Because if this doesn't work out, then I mean, it's gonna be hard to get out of this. But I had no pressure though. But that made me think about the conviction. And then after doing all the diligence and after everyone met Eric, we came together as a team. We make decisions as a team here. And everyone was not just supportive.

47:43of doing the deal, but we have this bar that we call unanimous enthusiasm. Everyone needs to be excited about the partnership. And we were all there. Even though we didn't all start there, as we did more work, and everyone met Eric, they tried the product, we got to the point where we said, yeah, this is something that we need to do, even if it doesn't work out. But yeah, it didn't feel great.

48:10That was leading up to writing the check and making the investment. How did your emotions evolve after that? Obviously, it worked out. But how long did it take before you felt pretty good about it? I felt pretty good about it all the time because when I invested in the relationship with Eric and team, that has never changed.

48:38I didn't get any surprises. I mean, all those surprises were positive surprises. It was one of those board meetings where we would show up and Eric would say, we didn't do what we said we're going to do, we did better. It was a good feeling all along. And the more time I spent with Eric and the team, the more excited I got. Because initially, it was just...

49:07video conferencing, then it's okay, our customers want us to do more. We can do more. And that's how we kept on expanding the, the tab. And that's where we are now. And we still hear our customers wanting a lot more from Zoom than what we're offering. So it's been a great journey. And for me personal, it's been great because when I wanted to join venture, I got a lot of rejections. I was talking to over 70 firms when I'm being an entrepreneur. Yeah, I was, I mean, it was my sales pipeline and I had a sales pipeline different, I mean, different conversion metrics and the funnel and a lot of the notes I got were not specific about my track record. There were more about me as an immigrant, as a Latino, inventor. And that was before people got a lot more

50:04politically correct. This was back in 2010. And a lot of people said, yeah, Latinos are not in venture. So you should try to find a different job here in the valley. So I always had that chip on my shoulder where it's like, I'm going to prove you wrong. And it's like, I got a lot more energy from those conversations. Unfortunately, their emergency team gave me a chance and I couldn't be more thankful for what they did for me. A few people adventure Alex Mendez who's a founder of Storm Ventures he believed in me and he held me a lot would have very long conversations and he had no vested interests so there were a few people that helped me out and I'm incredibly appreciative of that and also Eric and the team who trusted that we could help them out as well yeah that's such an amazing story and I thank you for sharing it I can only you know imagine you going through that on the

51:02venture side. I mean, I think I would imagine Eric probably went through a lot of that on the founder side too. Yeah, he got a lot of rejection early on when he tried to raise capital. That's why he decided that he was not going to raise capital. And even when we invested in the company and we could tell the company was doing really well, people wouldn't even take meetings with Eric. So when when I would talk to my friends in venture about Zoom, It's like, no, we're not doing anything in video conferencing. It's a race to the bottom. There were different comments about it. People wouldn't even take the meetings. Wow. That's so incredible. So that's why I feel that when people are looking just for a category, they might miss out on great people. Yeah. Yeah. Totally. Especially because, you know, if you believe which has shown to not be true, that

51:56the raw video conferencing technology is commoditized. Like, it's not. Zoom is still excellent and it is widely true that most others are not as good. As you were talking about Tam expansion by leveraging that customer base and that happiness and that love for the company into all these other things that you're completely blind to that Tam. Otherwise, I mean, I'm going to work in innovation too. I mean, the 40 minute premium model, like nobody else is doing that. Illustrated no better than Webex being bought for $3.2 billion in 2006 or 2007 or whatever that was. Today, Zoom's market cap, they were 16 after their IPO, 26 billion were recording today. The enterprise value of this company is number one, not just about video conferencing, and number two, turns out that wasn't a commodity in the first place.

52:46I also feel that there's a lot of bias when it comes to venture investments. And people are looking for the next artificial intelligence, blockchain, powered, whatever. And there are some basic building blocks that go through those renewal phases. CRM and what Salesforce did was not a new technology. It was a new way to deliver an existing technology. Same thing for Zoom.

53:15So there are a lot of existing markets that go through replacement cycles, especially when the incumbents miss out on the big changes in the market. When it was the last time that you heard someone say, I love email and the way things are being handled. Or I love, yeah, season end here. Or I love CRM. There are a lot of those core building blocks.

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55:27So if you're trying to turn AI ambition into real business outcomes and make it work safely, securely at scale, go check out servicenow.com slash acquired and tell them that Ben and David sent you. Well, before we wrap up with the Zoom IPO, I want to build on what we were just talking about a minute ago and kind of the underdog status of you, of Eric. Can you talk a little bit about both the senior management itself at Zoom and the philosophy? I mean, unlike I would imagine a lot of companies in the Valley, and a lot of companies' emergence works with Eric talks a lot about, they don't really recruit superstar outside execs to come in to Zoom. They build from within and people who are hungry, who have the capacity to learn. What have you seen being on the board and being part of this process of building the management team? I need to disagree that they don't recruit superstars. They don't recruit

56:23known superstars, but publicly known. But the people they recruit to lead the different functions are superstars and people who've worked with them recognize their superpowers, but they're not the ones that are being listed in every list of, oh, who are the top 10 CMOs? Let's hire one of those. You won't see a former president of Oracle coming to work for too many times soon. You're going to look for the people who are actually doing the job and are working incredibly hard and are going to connect with the mission of the company. And that's another area where emergence connected really well with Eric. So if you think about me, I'm a general partner now. I joined as a senior associate. And when I joined, I was doing everything from like,

57:16copies to coffee to setting up technology. I still do that. I'm tech supporter. I don't care. Possibly the best investment in the firm's history by doing tech support for your conference. And I still, I mean, we still do that. And we recruit people as senior associates. And we invest in them to make sure that they become the next generation leadership. But Kevin Spain, who's also a general partner, joined the firm as an associate. Jake, who you guys know, also join us in a social and now as a partner. So we invest in rock stars before everyone recognizes them. And we do what it takes to make sure that we create the right conditions for them to succeed. And that's what what Zoom does. And the team there is one of the strongest teams that I've ever worked with. And it's probably the most humble team that I've ever worked with. And one other thing that point out here, you know,

58:12Again, we're being super lottory of Zoom because it deserves it. Like, of the named senior executives on the S1 for the IPO, other than Eric, all of the other named senior executives are women. You know, try and find another company in Silicon Valley that looks like that. And that is not a story that they're sort of pounding the pavement with. You'll notice that this is true and it's not the cover of Facebook. And you probably didn't know that. Yeah. Yeah, I was talking to one of the executives at Zoom.

58:41She described Eric as Eric doesn't see color, doesn't see shape, doesn't see anything. He just sees raw talent. So that's why he's not saying, oh, we are an incredibly diverse team because he's not going to use that for marketing. He's just going to do the right thing. And that's been a strong core value of the firm just doing the right thing, even if people don't even notice. Yeah, I was shocked that I hadn't heard.

59:09Zoom or anybody else talk about that before and going through the S1, I'm like, wait a minute. Yeah. This is different. Yes, absolutely different. All right, so I want to catch us up. Before, Sasanti, I want to ask you to sort of lead us through after the investment through today and other funding rounds on their milestones. One thing that we did skip over in sort of the growth of the company is, we said, founded in 2011, they launched in January of 2014.

59:33Let's just take a moment to acknowledge how ridiculous it is that five months after launch, they had a million total participants in their video conferencing. And then 18 months after launch continued to accelerate to 10 million participants by June of 2014. I mean, this company was growing like a weed from day one. True, but they were completely under the radar. People wouldn't even know what Zoom did.

1:00:00And that's because they were not selling to IT. They didn't have the billboards. It was more of a grounds up adoption. People were using Zoom even when their companies were standardized on different technologies. And that's just because they wanted a better experience. We saw a lot of that where people were just using Zoom. It's like, yeah, I don't tell anyone, but I'm not going to schedule.

1:00:28a call with one of the other companies. That was Google for Search when I worked at Microsoft and then it was Google for Docs when I worked at Microsoft. You worked on the Office team, Ben. I did. Well, I did a lot of competitive research. All right, competitive research. So Santi, catch us up. So Emergence leads a $30 million round in the company. They continue to grow very well. What did growth and then what did the future funding look like between then and the IPO?

1:00:54When we invested, this was back in 2014. The company was mostly SMB, so the next big challenge we had was going up from SMB to mid-market and enterprise. We did that probably like 2015. We started getting some mid-market and a few enterprise customers. That's when we saw that this was not just an SMB product, but big companies we're willing to standardize on Zoom. And again, we were not raising capital. The company has been profitable for a while, as you can see, in DS1. But then we got approached preemptively by Sequoia and Eric had always had an admiration for that firm and they were good partners. They did a good process and we ended up partnering with them. And after that, we

1:01:52we never raised more capital. It's amazing. And I think we never touched the Sequoia money, either. I mean, it is such a difference from other companies that are IPO-ing this year. Absolutely. We've had another company back in the days, a company called Viva System, that went through a very similar plan. Is it correct? They only raised $7 million and they only raised it from emergence? Yeah, and they only used less than half of that.

1:02:19and they're now a 20 plus billion dollar company. It's crazy. I think we should look for those types of companies. And actually what's also interesting is that the founder and CEO of Viva Systems is now on the board of Zoom. So when we invested in the company, we knew that we needed some of that enterprise DNA. So Peter Gasner joined the company. And that's why you see a lot of similarities in the way Zoom scaled.

1:02:48Compared to Viva. How does that work is he when the company was private is he like the outside independent? She's an independent. Yeah, and he's an independent with a lot of enterprise Knowledge and a lot of company building knowledge You don't just want to have a lot of investors right on the board. You want people who who build real companies. Yeah, so Before we switch to the IPO, there's probably a lot of people out there and I know I'm thinking it to sort of pattern matching off of that comment you made. We started SMB. In fact, I remember when we had Scott Dorsey on and he was talking about exact target, they started with his email marketing software.

1:03:24that sold the sales force and their initial customer was a dry cleaner. That was right there in Indianapolis on the corner. That's right. I forgot about that. Started the small business and ended up scaling up to be, you know, everything from small business, SMB enterprise, mid market, they became a tremendous enterprise company. And I was always shocked that, oh my gosh, this software that you're originally selling to dry cleaners at some point, like you can sell to Nike and Microsoft.

1:03:47As an enterprise SaaS investor, is that typical like this thing that Zoom went through and being able to flip the switch and move from SMB to enterprise, would you suggest people go about that strategy in building their businesses? What's nice about that strategy is that you focus on the end user. Because when you're selling to an SMB or a VSB, everyone cares about the money that they're paying you and about the experience.

1:04:14So if you can't convince an SMB to buy your product and use it, then it's going to be hard to create that customer love when you move into mid-marketing enterprise. So I believe it's a great strategy to get that customer love early on. But it's not easy.

1:04:33Yeah, it's got to be a trying moment for the company doing those first few enterprise customers and really understanding those pain points. Yeah, and then making sure that you're not only serving the end user, but the CIO will have his or her opinions about how to integrate into the platforms they're using and they'll ask about security and they'll ask about compliance. So you need to have that figured out. And that's why early on, I remember conversations with Eric where he said, oh, we have this big customer that wants to standardize on zoom, but I told them that we're not ready. And the contract value was much bigger than what we were getting from other SMBs. But he was right. And that's sometimes what you were like, what's you're not ready? Like we're ready to watch. Aside great CEOs from OK CEOs that they know when to say no. And that's probably harder than saying yes.

1:05:31But if you're building a big company, those initial experiences that you're going to get with mid-market or enterprise could end up killing you. Because if you're not ready, you might become an outsource development shop for that enterprise. And that might kill the rest of the business. What's cool with this strategy, my favorite customer stat from the S1 was Uber. I forget where...

1:05:55Uber started with with zoom but it grew and grew and grew over the years to the point where Uber now does according to the zooms s1 14 million meeting minutes a month on zoom across the organization like think about that That's that's crazy, but that's like growing with the company and how starting with you know just small teams with an Uber and using it to communicate and then like next step is like Get some bigger paid plans. Next step is talk to the CIO. And next thing, you know, the whole company is standardized on Zoom as the way they collaborate. And it not only grows with the companies, but it also changes the way companies run. I believe that Zoom is changing the way we work. And I can see it in some of our biggest customers. And I also see it here at Emergence. When I first started here at Emergence, most of our investments were here in the Bay Area.

1:06:47Last year, 60% of our new investments are outside of the Bay Area. Bringing us back to this pursuit of happiness, I believe that Zoom is democratizing and globalizing the pursuit of happiness because it's enabling people to realize their dreams regardless of where they are. I'm going to take us quickly through the IPO. Post.

1:07:13emergency investment in essentially calendar year 2016 the company does 60 million in revenue is Cashflow positive doesn't use the emergency investment the next year in 2017 does 150 million in revenue 2018 does 330 million in revenue with 51 million in operating cash flow and files to go public in March of 2019 of this year That's net income positive folks not a loss. Yeah, which is the first time you hear us talk about that this season. Yeah That plays well with public market investors. It turns out the IPO prices the evening of April 18th at $36 a share above the range, which had already been raised during the road show, that equates to a $9.2 billion market cap. And then it closes the first day of trading as we heard at the very, very top of the show on Thursday, April 19th, up 72% to $62 a share or a $16 billion market cap. What was that day like?

1:08:11It was an exciting day, and the question that I got asked a lot was, did you guys feel that you were leaving money on the table by pricing at 36? But this is very in line with how Eric runs Zoom. He was inviting new people to join our journey. Those new investors were going to be our new partners, and he wanted everyone to be happy. So not just existing investors or people selling.

1:08:41It was pretty much in line with the type of company that we want to build. Make sure that we attract the right investors and that the right investors believe in what we're building long-term. I came back home and I described this to my wife and it felt like when you get married, just date for a long time, you start building and making sure that you're ready for that big day, then you have that big day. You celebrate with your friends and family, then you go back home and you need to start dealing with the rest of your life. You have a marriage to build, yeah. You have a marriage to build. You have a marriage to build. You have a marriage to build. You have a marriage to build. You have a marriage to build. You have a marriage to build. You have a marriage to build. You have a marriage to build. You have a marriage to build. You have a marriage to build. You have a marriage to build. You have a marriage to build. You have a marriage to build. You have a marriage to build. You have a marriage to build. You have a marriage to build. You have a marriage to build. You have a marriage to build. You have a marriage to build. You have a marriage to build. You have a marriage to build. You have a marriage to build. You have a marriage to build. You have a marriage to build. You have a marriage to build. You have a marriage to build. You have a marriage to build. You have a marriage to build. You have a marriage to build

1:09:38do it here in Silicon Valley and in America. What a shining example Zoom is of that. And you are too. Sounds to have been amazing. But I also want to say, you sound to you mentioned this. I want to highlight it again. In the beginning part of the episode, every big market or most big markets, I think they go through cycles of disruption and cycles of innovation. And I think it's so easy to forget that. You look at the video conferencing market and you're like, well, that's done. You know, it's big, but it's done.

1:10:06These big markets, they're always going through these cycles. And you need to know where you are in the cycle. Yeah, that's a great point. I've got a couple. One is on the product side. So I open this episode with... So what's going on with this company? What makes it so special? I want to talk about the product side and then I want to talk about what's going on with the business. So on the product side...

1:10:25We danced around this but basically what you have is something that people thought was a solved problem which David you alluded to. It's not people thought it was a commodity and Saunty as you alluded to it wasn't so it was an actually good experience for an essential piece of doing business that had a mandatory network effect built in and I think when you mix those things together like That product is going to grow. That's going to do very well. When you look at the business impact on that, what's going on with the company now? When Jake, Santi's partner here at Emergence joined us on the limited partner show, he made the comment that what we like to look for is triple, triple, double, double in SaaS companies. First two years, it's great to see it triple, second two years, it's great to see it double, and it sort of gets smaller after that. Zoom.

1:11:12is still a massive growth story. They grew over 100% so more than doubling year over year last quarter. And that's eight years after the founding of the company. So this is still a superstar growth story. The payback period, when Zoom pays to acquire a customer, right now is averaging around nine months. And that's an implied payback period from reading the S-mon. For reference, Dropbox is about 16 months and Docu signs about 30.

1:11:39When you look at the efficiency of spending marketing dollars and getting that back from revenue wildly wildly efficient and so that leads to a business that is cash flow positive that is now dead in compositive And you can just sort of see in the stock price why everyone just believes that this is such an amazing business That's an advantage that we have we've been doing enterprise investments for the last 15 years. So we've seen a lot of this company. So when we see those underlying metrics and when we do those cohort analysis, we can see which companies are doing incredibly well. And we can also help shape that because now with a lot of capital available, some companies are not even focusing on doing the right thing. They're just spending a lot of money and focusing on growth at any cost.

1:12:30But ultimately, and Zoom has shown us this, markets care about profitability. They do care about growth, but profitability is also important. So that's why, having seen this movie play out in the past, we can also help a lot of entrepreneurs focus on the right metrics, and a lot of entrepreneurs have no idea.

1:12:51how those metrics stack up against other companies. And there are a lot of things that they could do. And even if they don't do it early on because they just want to focus on growth, you need to understand at scale, what are you going to change to make sure that you continue growing and you continue delivering and building value? Yep. All right. Moving to grading.

1:13:12So the way that we do this for IPO episodes that just happened is rather than sort of issuing your grid, we say what makes it an A and what makes it an F and what makes it somewhere in the middle. But the next five years. Right. Right. And so as history plays out, I think execution wise.

1:13:29Totally in a plus you can I'm sure people will quibble and have quibbled over should they have price higher and the company be able to raise more money versus You know sharing the profits with the new investors love the company philosophy there on on sharing with the new investors in the upside the thing that will make this an a plus five years from now is In doing this financing event and doing an IPO and of course great to get liquidity for for all existing shareholders Are they able to use that new cash generated or do something with either the IPO proceeds or what it means now to be a public company to really grow into this really important collaboration company in the world that all investors believe that it can be this 26 billion dollar company. And so I'm super optimistic about that. I think the thing that would paint this as a negative picture would be if

1:14:21If you know that it turned out that the real business was just the video conferencing and there wasn't this additional value to be gained by being a Zoom customer or if they hit some ceiling on growth and they didn't continue growing in the way that they could and the tam actually ended up being smaller. Personally, I don't think that's gonna be the case, but I think as you're looking at Zoom over the next five years, those would be the things to look at. And on top of that, what I would add is that the key driver that's going to help us deliver results is making sure that our customers are still happy. That's why the NPS score is critical for us. And we keep tracking that score because that means that we're doing the right job. And if we keep our customers happy, then our employees are going to be happy, our investors are going to be happy, our partners are going to be happy. And the second thing that we need to make sure that we continue to focus on is making sure that we

1:15:20attract the right people. We talked a little bit about the people who succeed at Zoom, and those people are not just rocksters, but they're people committed to the mission and vision of the company. And we need to make sure, as we scale, as we hire more people, as we expand internationally, that we keep on attracting the right people into Zoom. Well put. Well put. All right, David, car vats. Yeah, we haven't done car vats in a while. We have to get back at it.

1:15:49So I went and saw an excellent movie this weekend with myself and for other folks from the PSL team, largely engineers that had a deep appreciation for the history, saw the documentary General Magic. Oh, man, I tried to convince Jenny to go with me a couple of weeks ago, and she was up for it, but I could tell she wasn't really up for it. I mean, it was incredible. I have some issues with the...

1:16:15immense amount of drone shots and sort of random pictures of California water, but it was so well done. And for listeners who are wondering what is he going on and on about? General Magic was a company that David and I have mentioned on a couple episodes that in the early 90s was formed to basically invent the smartphone. And they went public.

1:16:37They had a product from Apple. It was technically a spin out from Apple. I mean, we're going to have to do an episode on this. It was led by Mark Peratt. The founding engineers were Andy Hertzfeld and Bill Atkinson, so the original Macintosh team Susan Care was there. And then you really start to dig into all the people. It's Tony Fidel. He was like this crazy, long-haired intern, Andy Rubin. So when you look between Tony Fidel and Andy Rubin, It's 98% of the smartphone market ended up being co-created by those guys at different companies. It's Kevin Lynch, who was a, I think was a CTO of Adobe and now leads the Apple Watch team. This is Apple's senior vice president of something technology. There's Twitter CTO. There's the former CTO of the US government to Barack Obama. I mean, the immense talent that came out of this plucky company that

1:17:31By all accounts wildly failed. Like, they went, could put in a big way, but not only the storytelling, but the ambition and correctness of their vision, but just, you know, as Santiago alluded to, the timing is really what matters in these things, far too early, but...

1:17:48One of the things it made really special, too, is they had a documentarian shooting a lot of footage while they were building this thing. And so they just had immense, immense old VHS tapes. I guess it certainly looked like that to draw on to create the documentary. And so it's like the early days of Alibaba.

1:18:03Oh, it's so wild. I mean, it's a bunch of hippies on the floor, barefoot, building computers together. All the company meetings are like, it's sitting on the floor. It's great. We'll link to it in the show notes. Listeners, if you have an appreciation of technology history and are unearned about sort of Apple stuff, smartphone stuff, early days of a lot of the Roots of Silicon Valley today, definitely check it out. It's touring right now. It is an independent documentary.

1:18:31I assume it'll be available online at some point if you miss it on the tour, but super, super fun to go see. I can't wait to watch this. Well, so speaking of truly, truly excellent recommendations that Ben, you have made to me on Carve Out's past, dissect season four, the dissect podcast. Oh, nice. Season four is Tyler Flower Boy by Tyler the creator. And so good. It's been one of my favorite albums of recent years for a long time.

1:19:00Cole just does such a great job dissecting it. And if you are into music at all, and even if you're not, if you're into acquired type podcasts about anything, you will love this season. I guess the way that we try and dissect companies, Cole, dissect music both lyrically, what on earth is going on with this track and this artist, but then also from a music producer perspective and dissect the actual track piece by piece. And it's Yeah, not just from a music producer perspective, but I really love it from the music theory perspective too. Why do these chords work here? And what is Tyler doing with stepwise motion here? It's very cool. That's awesome. I've listened to the season. I gotta do it. I listened to the Kanye season. Also, truly excellent. All right, bring it home. Let's bring it home. All right, listeners. Now is a great time to talk about one of our...

1:19:55favorite companies, Statsig. Yes, there is a reason why the best product teams rely on Statsig, whether they are iterating on their core product features or shipping AI-powered experiences at scale. Yep. In the crazy speed of today's AI world, shipping fast is just table stakes now. It's basically trivial to build and deploy your app constantly. The real advantage is how quickly you learn what changes actually created value for customers. And how fast you can use that signal to guide what you shipped next. This is where Statsig comes in. It brings experimentation, feature flags, and product analytics into one unified system so teams can ship safely, test rigorously, and directly link what they changed to how users actually behaved. So if you want to make learning your competitive advantage, whether you're building new AI experiences or just evolving your existing core product, go to Statsig.com slash acquired to get started.

1:20:51All right, with that listeners, thank you so much, Santi. It's been a real pleasure. Can't imagine having done this episode without you and so fun to get to have this conversation together. Thank you very much. This was a lot of fun. Yeah.

1:21:04Well, listeners, if you aren't subscribed and you like what you hear, you should. We'll be continuing to cover all of the big upcoming tech IPOs. And of course, if you want to hear sort of deeper insights on SaaS investing from Santi's partner Jake or dive into any of the other company building topics, you should consider becoming an acquired limited partner at glow.fm slash acquired or clicking the link in the show notes. And with that, we will see you next time.