The Daily - The Life and, for Now, the Death of the Kennedy Center

0:04Oh, yeah. You know, this is what they play when the performance is about to start. Yes. You're calling people in. So a few months ago, I took a tour of the Kennedy Center with a tour guide there. Oh, can I get your name? Oh, Sandy Weiswasser. A volunteer named Sandy Weiswasser. Wow, I got to spell that out. W-E-I-S-W-A. She's 87 years old. She's a huge bundle of energy. And for the last 20 years, she is given tours every single Monday. Before President Trump took over the Kennedy Center, Sandy's tours were always packed. But then he took over, made a lot of changes, and people stopped coming. And so on the day that I was there, the center was empty, and I was the only person on Sandy's tour.

1:06So this foyer apparently is one of the largest. And as she walked me through the center, the largest gift is this marble, which comes from Perera, Italy. Beautiful chandelier. It's done by Dale Chihuly. It was clear how proud she was of the place. I like the undulating quality of it. And how much she reveres it. No bed seat in the place. No, it doesn't look like it. But at some point in the tour, It occurred to me that she was speaking in the past tense. Well, that's the other thing when I give my tours now. Do I give them present tense or past tense? It's very hard. What words to use for my verbs, anyway. And the tour she was giving was kind of a tour of wreckage. And what she was explaining and all of her memories started to sound a lot to me like a eulogy. So, I mean, all these little things about all.

2:06The performers that are no longer here is very sad. And it also became clear that in Sandy's mind, there was one person responsible for all that had happened to the Kennedy Center. I mean, this place used to be really thriving and busy and crowded. Now it's very empty. And that was President Trump. From New York Times, I'm Michael Babarro. This is The Daily. Today, the life and for the time being, the death of the Kennedy Center. My colleague Elizabeth Williamson brings us the story of how President Trump decided to take over and now shut down Washington's biggest and most celebrated home for the arts. It's Friday, September 25th. Elizabeth, welcome back to the daily. Michael, it's great to join you. You have been watching the Kennedy Center shut down for months first, gradually and then abruptly.

3:25when it literally closed its doors about 10 days ago. So we're coming to you for what feels a bit like a post-mortem here to understand why President Trump has closed this place down. And I think any good post-mortem has to begin with the question of motivation. How do you think about his motivation here? I think you have to go back to President Trump's first term.

3:52Remember, this was a really brutal election with a surprise result. He comes into the White House. He had been roundly rejected by cultural elites in New York City, the epicenter of the nation's cultural life. And he comes into Washington where the center of the cultural life in the capital is the Kennedy Center. And he's thinking, I'm the president now.

4:20Surely, he'll be welcomed more broadly by the culture once he's in the White House. But instead, that rejection really continued. And there was probably no better example in that first year than the annual Kennedy Center Honors, which is the Kennedy Center's biggest night of the year. And what form does that rejection take?

4:46Three of the five honorees in 2017 said that they either would not come to the White House for the presentation of the actual medals before the ceremony at the Kennedy Center, or they were considering not coming. Why did you decide not to do that? Because he's made me feel it's not my White House.

5:08The first to say this was Norman Lear, who created All in the Family in many of our most beloved sitcoms and television shows. But I've gotten over that. It is my White House. It oughtn't to be his. And Carmen de Lavalade, a dancer and choreographer, said out and out, no. I just can't. I'm absolutely not going.

5:31I am 86 now. I have all these years I have done what anybody asked me to. And this is the first time in my life I've ever said no. Lionel Richie, who was also an honoree that year, said, well... You know, I'm gonna just play it by ear. I can't decide if I'll go. I must tell you, I'm not really happy as to what's going on right now with the controversies. And I think that that was...

6:00quite a realization for him. He had gotten to the absolute top of our hierarchy and still that rejection continued. So Trump's response to that was to say, okay, if you don't want me, I don't want you either. And he just was generally a no-show for the entirety of his four-year term. So for the next four years, Trump basically boycotts the Kennedy Center and thoroughly writes it off. Yes. And so when he begins his second term in 2025, you know, this is now, he's newly energized. He's got a different agenda when he comes in in his second term, as we well know, he is vowing to be people's retribution, but he's also remaking aspects of society, including our cultural life. He comes in as an anti-woke president. He won on that. So,

6:55Barely in office for a month, 18 days to be exact, he starts to launch a plan to take over the Kennedy Center. And take it over how? Just like logistically, what power does he have over it and how does he end up taking it over? So the president has the power to appoint board members to the Kennedy Center and they basically oversee the running of the center itself.

7:25Typically, the board members serve six-year terms, so you had overlapping administration board members, appointees. Democrats, Republicans. Exactly. Yeah. And they worked together, and that was the way the Kennedy Center was designed. But he came in and eliminated all of the Biden-era appointees, wholesale, and then stacked the board with people who were loyal to himself.

7:50His chief of staff, Susie Wiles, the wife of the vice president, Usha Vance, Howard Lutnick's wife, and so they came in and took over the board. And then their first move was to vote to replace the chairman with Mr. Trump. And the existing chairman, David Rubenstein, he had personally given $111 million to the Kennedy Center, its facilities and its programming.

8:19So immediately the president replaces this mega philanthropist to the Kennedy Center with basically himself. Yes. And what does chairman of the Kennedy Center Trump do with this newfound power? So President Trump convenes a call with his new hand-picked board members, but he starts by bashing it as what he thinks it is.

8:48It got very wokey. A bastion of cultural elites. And some people were not happy with it. And some people refused to go. And we're not going to have that. We're going to have... Doing programming that everyday Americans aren't interested in and might even be offended by. And he's going to change all that. I think we're going to make it hot. And we made the presidency hot, so this should be easy. And make the Kennedy Center hot again.

9:16Thank you all very much for your time. I'm curious if there's any truth to what Trump is saying to this board. Is it elitist? Does it have a left wing tilt? So I think here is where you realize what a radical misconception the president was laboring under and partly due to the fact that for his entire first term he didn't step foot in the Kennedy Center. So it has a symphony.

9:48It has an opera, but the vast majority of its programming is meant to be entertainment, popular works. So you're talking about performances like Big Bird and Sesame Street characters.

10:26Garth Brooks. Famous church chorale groups. The Washington Ballet had its children's recital there. It was their chance to dance on the big stage. Local little kids doing ballet. Yes. Entire classes of school children came. My own children's classes came. Kids could run down the hall, the grand foyer, which is like two football fields long. It was a wide open place. My older son mentioned that The first time you ever saw JAWS was projected on the side of the reach, which is the Kennedy Center annex on a summer night. Shut off that engine. Pre-populist. Yeah, exactly. It was a kind of place meant to be open for everyone. You're going to need a bigger boat. Well, Elizabeth, even if the president's whole approach to the Kennedy Center is based on a radical misconception of it, how does this approach get put into practice in that first few months of him running it?

11:41So to direct the center's day-to-day activities, he brings on Richard Grinnell, who is a partisan warrior, very combative guy, and his job is really to remake the center. So he starts berating people in the hallways, complaining about their activities, vis-a-vis programming. He conducts mass firings. They started calling it Firing Fridays, where you get an email and you get 20 minutes to leave the building accompanied by security.

12:10So as he's wiping out the staff, one of the departments he targets is the fundraising department. He boasts that he reduced the numbers of people who were charged with bringing money in the door from 93 to 17 fundraisers. Wow. A pretty interesting decision for a non-profit that relies, I assume, quite heavily on fundraising. Exactly. So as this purge continues, performers and artists who are scheduled to perform at the center start getting wind of this.

12:40and they're objecting and canceling. And he starts fighting with them saying that the reason that they're leaving is because they are so woke and I'm trying to do a different thing here and it doesn't matter. But the end result was ticket sales are plunging, audiences are plunging, performances are being canceled. So at this point in our autopsy, Trump via Grinnell is taking actions that become offensive to these artists who are turning around and undertaking the kind of protests that would seem to make Trump's point about elitism even if originally Trump's approach to the center was inaccurate. Yeah. So while Grinnell is claiming that this exodus of artists was due to ideological reasons, at the same time he starts to use ideology as a basis for extending invitations to others to come into the center.

13:41Hello, everyone. Good morning. Like CPAC staged a conference on ending Christian persecution. Beautiful, beautiful, an historic facility. And I just want to give a thanks to president of the Kennedy Center, Richard Grinnell, for giving us this space. They received a deeply discounted rate for renting the center. CPAC being the conservative political action committee, not a group we associate with a performing arts center. Exactly.

14:10For free, FIFA came in for their draw that year, which was something that the president really liked and wanted. It suddenly became the kind of place that would welcome him in the way that he expected to be welcomed in his first term.

14:41So while Trump and Grinnell were complaining that the Kennedy Center had been captured by the political left, in fact, they were embarking on a project to sort of make it a political playground of the right. And I think the sort of apotheosis of this was the Kennedy Center Honors. Not only did he attend, with all of his friends and his political supporters. A very big hello and welcome to him. He made himself the emcee of the event. This is the first time that a president of the United States has ever hosted this phenomenal event. I don't know why. And as he was presenting the honors and speaking, he started to hint around at the idea that maybe this place is so welcoming on the inside.

15:34Trump Kennedy Center. I mean, Kennedy Center. I'm sorry. I'm sorry. Maybe my name should be on the outside. And less than two weeks later, his handpicked board met, and they voted to put his name on the outside of the center. They took the hint. They did. And his name went on the center one day later. And he got top billing over John F. Kennedy.

16:10And so then the center became renamed the Donald J. Trump and on the first line, the John F. Kennedy Memorial Center for the Performing Arts on the second line. So Trump basically puts his name atop the original name and my recollection is it's basically the same scale of font. Exactly. And it had this sense of being less a renaming and more of a giant edit. But it was the way they could do it in the swiftest way possible. Elizabeth, what was the reaction when everyone wakes up to this edit to the John F. Kennedy Performing Arts Center's signage? The reaction was swift and it was profound. This was plain and simple, now his. And anyone who passed by,

17:10could see that. And this renaming really was the beginning of the end because it triggered a legal battle that brought us to where we are today with the center closed, maybe indefinitely. We'll be right back. So, Elizabeth, how does Trump's decision to put his name on the Kennedy Center become, as you say, the beginning of the end for the center? Tell us about this legal battle.

17:49So on the Kennedy Center board, there are these so-called ex-officio members. They're members of Congress that could not be purged by the president when he remade the board. And one of them is Joyce Beatty, a congresswoman from Ohio. She filed suit after he renamed the center. And her argument was that legally, this renaming could only be done by Congress. And what's her logic there? Well, it's based in the center's origins.

18:19Back in the 1950s when Dwight D. Eisenhower established what he wanted to be a globally recognized cultural center, it took an act of Congress to do that. So in 1958, Congress passed legislation establishing what was called the National Cultural Center. And that was its official name, the National Cultural Center.

18:41Yes, exactly. And when Kennedy was elected, he and First Lady Jackie Kennedy were big champions of the arts and the performing arts in particular. So they worked with Eisenhower and his wife Mamie Eisenhower to build support and funds for the new National Cultural Center. After Kennedy was assassinated, Congress stepped in again and they renamed the National Cultural Center in Kennedy's honor as a living memorial.

19:11to him. So Congresswoman Beatty's argument is basically that because Congress turned this into a memorial to President Kennedy, only an act of Congress can change the name back or to something else. Right, not the president and not even the Kennedy Center's board, only Congress. Got it. That's right. So what happens with the lawsuit? So pretty swiftly, a court rules that Beatty is right, that it would take an act of Congress to rename the building. And around the same time, the president, you know, hates this idea, of course. That his name would come off of it. That his name would come off the building. And so when word spread of that, Washington had a whole day knowing that this was going to happen and this festival-like crowd gathered to watch. So it was hundreds of people chanting, singing, you know, waiting for his name to come off. So finally they rolled scaffolding into place.

20:11And the crowd really went crazy thinking, okay, this is finally gonna happen. And the director of the center could look out and see that this was something that the president wasn't really going to want to see on TV. So then they started to unroll tarps that would obscure the entire operation of removing his name off the building. Hide it basically. Exactly. So behind the tarps, they started to take the letters off. But they did this at 2.30, 3 o'clock in the morning. By that time, most of the crowd was gone. And so there was a relative handful of us that could kind of sneak and peer around the edge of the tarps where they met the wall of the center. That was really all you had a window into. And then beyond that, they left the tarps up where they remained to this day. So you could never see that his name had been removed.

21:13But of course his name was removed even if the removal remains hidden by a tarp and given everything you've laid out in our conversation I have to imagine that this was a really painful moment for Trump because his entire answer to this wounded relationship he had with the Kennedy Center was to Take it over and to make it more and more his own and for a brief shining moment He literally has his name on the outside. The takeover is total and complete but now that is being taken from him. Yeah, and you could see that by the emergence of a different argument vis-a-vis the Kennedy Center and that was the president increasingly started to say that the center is in terrible disrepair and this was really ironic because a year prior

22:08he had gotten $527 million from the big beautiful bill to do renovations of the Kennedy Center. And Congress appropriates money every year for maintenance of the Kennedy Center. So what was happening here? You know, in fact, the new director of the Kennedy Center after Rick Rennell departed was a guy whose specialty, according to the president, he's a pro at construction. Why had this...

22:35center suddenly becomes so dangerous as soon as this name came off the building that it would have to be closed. So if I'm reading between the lines of what you're saying here, it seems like once the president has lost the battle to have his name on the outside of the building, he begins to lose interest in the Kennedy Center functioning at all. Either it's mine or it's closed.

23:04And then he starts to go further and say, well, maybe it doesn't need just to be closed. Maybe the center will be demolished. It'll be ripped down on social media in comments to reporters. He starts to raise the idea that it would be torn down completely. All the presidents talk about the need for innovations and this rather drastic thought that perhaps the Kennedy Center should be demolished. All seems to rest on the idea that the Kennedy Center isn't really sad, sorry, dangerous shape. Is that true? Well, I'm not an engineer, but I can say that over the last few months, I've probably made 25 trips to the Kennedy Center. I never saw anything that suggested a serious danger to people's safety. But what happened earlier this month was that heavy storms in Washington brought down a five-foot chunk of plaster.

24:03in the main foyer of the building. This is something that, you know, definitely needed to be repaired. But instead of just making that repair, they closed that enormous section of the building. They found security camera footage of the plaster actually falling, spread that around on social media. They measured the shards of plaster as they lay on the carpet. They measured the size of what they called a debris field like this was a plane crash.

24:32Nobody cleaned up the mess left by the falling plaster for two weeks. In the meantime, this chunk of plaster became a sort of politically tinged argument for giving the president what he wants, a closure of the place, which is exactly what happened on September 15th. The Kennedy Center Board voted to close the building entirely. Elizabeth, what's the impact?

25:02of the Kennedy Center being totally closed now. 2500 people have lost their jobs. There are no paid performances there any longer where there used to be many in a day. There are no tours. No one sees the exhibits, the art, anything. It's just the absolute antithesis of how presidents Eisenhower and Kennedy and Congress conceived it.

25:30And that led to protests last week by thousands of people. This place has a lot of personal memories for me. Times that I went on my first date here, came here with my family, came here with my husband. Who came just to say, sure, this needs to reopen, but also just to mourn all that had happened that had gotten it to that point.

25:58I played 18 hours Christmas music in the Grand Hall at Christmastime this last year. People who had a lot of memories in the place. Well when my mom was alive every mother's day we got her a ticket to the summer musical and that was like an annual family tradition. And they wanted to share what it meant to them. I mean it's a beloved art space for all of us. An affordable option for many people if you couldn't afford to buy tickets.

26:27It put the lie to the way the president had characterized the Kennedy Center, that it was a place that welcomed everybody, that really set out to bring people in, not to exclude them. And at one point during the protest, people laid hands to form a human chain around the building. And it was like they were protecting something that was a living thing. And to them, it was a living thing.

27:01But now it was padlocked and closed and fenced off. The opera has moved elsewhere. They perform outside the Kennedy Center now. The symphony performs elsewhere. The performances that were there took years to book. And now that Trump has so thoroughly politicized it and personalized it, made the Kennedy Center entirely about himself, All that is gone, at least for the time being. Well, Elizabeth, thank you very much. I appreciate it. Thank you, Michael. We'll be right back. Here's what else you need to another day. Some MSNOW journalists are just now regaining access to the White House, happening as we have been speaking right now. On Thursday afternoon, reporters for CNN, Politico and MSNOW were allowed to re-enter the White House grounds.

28:36after a federal judge ruled hours earlier that the president's decision to ban them was likely unconstitutional. Laura, if you hear me, I want to get to you right away for the latest in what your experience has been. Yeah, I hear you, Peter. So I was just allowed back into the White House through the Northwest Gate. Trump's compliance with the ruling brought to an end for now a days long standoff over press freedom. That standoff.

29:02triggered a rare act of coordinated protest by major TV networks, which have refused to record and distribute video of the president as they usually do. And the average 30-year mortgage rate surpassed 7% this week, an ominous sign for a housing market in which prices are already historically high and out of reach. Economists say that with borrowing costs this steep, Potential buyers are increasingly unlikely to purchase a home. Today's episode was produced by Lexi Dio, Jack DeSidoro, and Eric Krupke. It was edited by Patricia Willins, with help from Michael Benoit. Contains original music by Diane Wong, and music by Mary and Lozano Will Read, Alicia by E-Tube, and Dan Powell, and was engineered by Chris Wood.

30:05Our theme music is by Wonderly. Special thanks to Afim Shapiro. That's it for the Daily. I'm Micah Barbaro. See you on Sunday.