Women at Work - Respect for Any Body Size

0:00Body size is on my mind because I'm constantly, I'm thinking about how I present myself and how I'm perceived and how I can climb my own career ladder and why haven't I had success in some areas and wondering whether or not people are listening to me or hearing me or thinking that I have leadership.

0:27presence so that it can be considered for other opportunities and even be promoted. Nina's a diversity and inclusion manager. In that job, she strives to create an environment where everybody's accepted no matter who they are, including their race, age, gender, and weight. Personally though, she says she's been fighting to stay a size 12. Oh gosh, the fight is, I think part of it is because I'm mad at the clothing industry.

0:57It's very hard to find clothes for work and going out and everything in those, in a 14, not even the 24s and the 26s, but even in a size 14. And so trying to not go higher than 12, so I don't have to struggle with the clothing and being uncomfortable and not feeling confident. That's how she felt going back to work after having a baby.

1:25When you're pregnant, people have lots of empathy. After you're pregnant, people are just like, what's wrong with you? Why isn't the baby weight melting off? I was in a training position where I did orientation every few weeks. And so I'm in front of people and I want to wear a suit and look professional and energetic and have people take me seriously and I'm worried about parts of me spilling out. She also started worrying about not fitting a mold.

1:53I feel like there's so many leaders around me who are thin women and I have never had a moment where someone said to me, you know, you're a mess. Get it together. But certainly seeing women, the women around me who are in leadership positions, even, you know, the top women at my previous employer demanding careers.

2:17Decades of accomplishments and all you know thin and wearing certain designer clothes and so they've achieved all this and never gained 20 pounds and even when they had their kids or did stress eating and so it may not have been in the form of someone saying to me. I can't promote you because you look a certain way but it was in the messaging of the women who were in leadership roles around me.

2:45But now that she's in the leadership position just as she is, Nina's not sure how much longer she'll keep up that fight to stay a size 12. Because I think that there are some things that just naturally happen with age and with menopause. I know I have to adjust. I'm going to try and accept my body, but also not completely give up. I'm still going to fight for my flexibility and my mobility and to find clothes that make me feel good and fit well and that I come into the office and people are like that woman knows what she's talking about. She looks the part. She sounds the part. Yes. And it's going to be an everyday thing. That's what I have realized. But I don't want to beat myself up. You're listening to Women at Work from Harvard Business Review. I'm Amy Gallo. I'm Amy Bernstein. And I have been where Nina is.

3:46She's not the only woman who's well aware that being in a larger body means living amid people's weight bias and its consequences. And Nina's only a size 12. Two-thirds of women in the U.S. wear a larger size than that. Being above what many healthcare providers consider a quote-unquote normal weight has economic costs for women.

4:10A study out of Vanderbilt University found that overweight women, regardless of the type of work they do, make 4% less than women of normal weight. For obese women, that penalty is 5.8%. For morbidly obese women, it's 15.7%. That same study highlighted how women who are obese are less likely than normal-weight women to have jobs that put them in front of clients and customers.

4:38That behind-the-scenes work pays less, approximately 22.3% less than work that involves negotiating or public speaking or consulting of some sort. And for the heaviest women who do hold those roles, the pay gap is greater. They make 34.5% less on average than normal-weight women who are in the same type of client-facing jobs. Men, on the other hand, aren't hidden.

5:06or short changed like that. Obesemen, on average, don't earn any less than normal weight men. And overweight men, in fact, earn a little more. And those are only the financial consequences. We're going to get into the many other ones, like the mental toll, guided by two women who have put a lot of thought into what anti-fat bias is about and how to reduce it, not reinforce it. Grace Lemon is a management professor at DePaul's Business School.

5:35She recently published a roundup of the research findings on how larger-bodied workers are stigmatized. In that paper, she writes about the damage caused by stereotypes, widespread misunderstanding of how weight works, and certain kinds of wellness programs. She wants more organizations to confront the stigma through interventions that raise awareness of it. Which is exactly what Dr. Habiba Williams, she has a doctorate in nursing, did at the student health clinic where she used to work.

6:05Today, she's a nurse practitioner at the University of Virginia's inpatient abdominal transplant unit. She's here, along with Grace, to help us understand our role in creating a positive body culture. Grace Habiba, thank you both for joining us. Oh, thank you so much. Yes, thank you so much for having me. Grace, let me start with you. How is it that you came to understand weight bias, especially the weight bias against women as the problem it is?

6:34For me, it was really seeing weight bias outside the lens of economic bias. I've known for a while that when you are in a larger body, you're going to have worse outcomes at work in terms of things like pay, promotions, and performance ratings.

6:52because this echoes what we see with other marginalized groups. If a stereotype attached to you relates to incompetence in any way, like we might see for a woman or for an older person, then it ultimately creates this economic disadvantage for you. But what I did not personally grasped and really helped me see the expanse of the problem was the interpersonal, the person-to-person mistreatment that goes on at work when you are in a larger body and the fallout from that mistreatment. So in my research, I found some 75% of people who self-identify as overweight reported experiencing weight-based mistreatment in civility, name-calling, bullying, microaggressions,

7:40in the past six months explicitly because of their weight. And this was really jarring to me. But even more jarring was the repercussions. You, of course, when you're mistreated at work might feel that burning shame, that immediate burning shame. But that was the tip of the iceberg.

7:59People who had been mistreated, who were stigmatized because of their weight at work, reported making career altering decisions because of that experience, leaning out at work, saying no to challenging work, saying no to promotions. I saw people report self-harm, drug use, alcohol abuse, even suicidal ideation. So this was all very disturbing to me. And I would also like to add that In my research, people who are mistreated because of this weight stigma at work seem to not tell anybody.

8:32It was shameful and they were secretive about it and embarrassed. And if I could lay around just a little personal experience here, I've been in a larger body. I've been in a smaller body. So I've seen the ebbs and tides of how one is treated at work based upon body size. And earlier on in my career, I was absolutely mistreated, name called and bullied because of my weight in a professional space. And I was talking to my husband about this last week.

8:59We've been together for nearly 20 years and I asked him, did I ever tell you about these experiences? Did I ever tell you about, you know, the time in the meeting when somebody said I was stupid, expletive, expletive, and then called me a fat something? I'm not going to repeat it. And he said, no, this is my best friend, my partner for life. I tell everything to, but I had never shared this, even though weight stigma and weight matters are such a large part of my research and my life. So I carried that shame and secrecy with me and I perhaps should not have been surprised that it was happening so often at work and in such a secret fashion. But nonetheless, the prevalence, the breadth, and the secrecy of weight bias really rung the alarm bell for me that this is something we need to address in professional spaces.

9:45Yeah. Well, there's a lot in there that I think we'll come back to. But Habibi, tell us how you first recognized it as the problem it is. Personal experiences and some training I was doing while I was going through school. We did an implicit racial bias project. And as an African-American woman in this country, I struggled to understand how these biases were seen as implicit because everything about my race is explicit. So through this project, we use the implicit association test and I took, you know, just playing around took some tests and I took the weight bias test. And so when my test came back saying that, you know, I showed this level of weight bias, it started to help me better understand like, oh,

10:38Okay, this bias can be implicit. It wasn't something I was aware of in myself having always struggled with the idea of weight when I wasn't overweight, but I was made to feel like I was and then being overweight. And so because of that, it mattered to me. I'm a healthcare professional. How can I have this implicit bias and not be aware if they're coming through in my behaviors or my actions when I'm caring for the people that are trusting me to care for them? So I became aware.

11:07My bias it mattered to me to change the bias. So That's what I set out to do. Yeah, that's great Hopey, but can you tell us about that work about that experiment? Yeah, so like I said, I first started off kind of with the question of like how to affect weight bias, how can we decrease weight bias in health care? And I wanted to make an intervention to help people with their bias. But then I realized that no, people just need to be made aware. And so the intervention was designed to make people aware and to attempt to build empathy. We all know someone who is extremely small, way under what's considered a normal.

11:56BMI who struggled to gain weight. And if there's someone on one end of the spectrum that's struggling to gain weight despite all they've tried, then there's the opposite end of spectrum of someone who's struggling to lose weight despite all that they have tried. And so because I set my goal on awareness, ultimately, you know, most people who participated in the research project felt like they were definitely more aware of what weight bias was and it's something that they're thinking about.

12:26more for sure. So tell us how your experiment affected your workplace. How did that all play out? So in the workplace specifically, one thing that I did see in my environment is working at a small university health care center. The building that we ran was antiquated and old. The rooms were small. The exam tables were itty-bitty. And one of the providers had a larger body.

12:57student come in and to get on the exam table and the exam table tipped forward. I should kind of get on the table and you know you can see the look of embarrassment on the student's face. So we had a conversation you know after our research as to what we can do about just even our space you know from just getting larger exam tables and so that was one thing and I don't know that without the research and without weight bias and weight stigma being on the forefront of our minds and going through the intervention if, you know, something like that would have been so readily addressed. So Grace, Amy B and I both read the research roundup you wrote about weight at work. And among the many points that struck me was the finding that anti-fat bias, as you call it, is a prejudice that runs deeper than sexism, racism, and homophobia. What is that about?

13:54This is something that I had to spend a good amount of time untangling myself because I thought it was astounding that the world seems to be becoming better for a lot of marginalized groups but not for people in larger bodies and that's that's frustrating but I did uncover three reasons that I think really demonstrate clearly why and the first is weight compared to let's say your gender or your race is considered far more immediately controllable.

14:24I can't snap my fingers and change my race. And we have an adage in most cultures, eat less, move more, and the problem that is your larger body will be solved. The reality is far more complicated. So given that we think that weight is controllable and is a means toward realizing health for ourselves, it can feel natural, at least on the surface, to be judgmental about somebody's size.

14:53I'll also say that we have as a culture this idea of healthism that pervades how we think about what it means to be a good person or a bad person. So, healthism is this idea, it's baked into many of our Western ideals of continuous self-improvement, responsibility for oneself, this idea that to be healthy, you have to be the model of health. And we think the model of health includes having a slim or slender body.

15:25And as a culture, we feel pretty comfortable day in and day out calling out people who do not conform to these values that we hold near and dear to ourselves. And so combined with this idea that health is controllable and you are a good person for pursuing health, beauty ideals and their pressures seem to have a real stronghold on how we think about ourselves and judge ourselves. Not just other people, we internalize a lot of this.

15:54And I want to note this isn't a new phenomenon. It's always been in the water. It's always been part of us and it's always been part of this broader conversation of currency and using our physical appearance as currency in society. So it's very hard for that to go away. Yeah. And this idea that it's a bias that we still find acceptable at one point in your Roundup, you talk about a possible intervention in a professional setting of someone just saying, regardless of our weight, we all deserve respect. And something about reading that sentence, I was like, why is that shocking to me? If you inserted, regardless of our race, regardless of our gender, regardless of our sexual orientation, it would have been completely normal to my ear. But it almost felt like the first time I read something like that. And I might add there, we

16:46often don't show ourselves respect with respect to our body image. And so it may not feel unnatural to think about, oh, we're giving respect to people of all sizes because we don't give respect to ourselves unconditionally. It's tied oftentimes to our body size. And so we extrapolate that inner experience to our outer experience. Right. And the fact that our love for ourselves is conditional on our weight sounds sort of odd saying it out loud, but it's 100% my experience and certainly the experience of many women I know. We had one of our readers, a larger body woman who emailed us and she says that she tends to avoid public facing opportunities, professional opportunities like presenting at a conference, you know, because she worries that people won't take her seriously. And I know this reflects grace, your research around people self selecting out of professional opportunities. But I want to share

17:42what she wrote and just ask if you have any advice for her. So she wrote, not participating has limited my opportunities for advancement. I feel enormous pressure to look a certain way in order to get ahead. And so she's looking to hear how other larger-bodied women are overcoming the self-doubt that she feels. Do you have either of you have any advice for her? I'll jump in here.

18:04I identify, I've been there, I could probably trace my decisions to go to academic conferences or seek out collaboration partners or Habiba to the research you're doing to even go to my yearly exam at the doctor based upon how I felt about my body so you're not alone. I've gone through therapy for these issues and the two most profound lessons that I've learned from therapy is opposite action and you recognize you're having a self-limiting belief. You're not wanting to lean into this opportunity and you decide to do something the exact opposite so that you're not tacitly or explicitly confirming that the belief is something you need to act upon. So it's borrowing a page from mindfulness. You accept that you're having this self-limiting belief, but it doesn't mean that you have to act on it. And what I like to do for opposite action is I like to consider, you know, what are

18:58in this context, my professional values. My professional values would be to display and communicate some expertise and collaborate with others by leaning into presenting at this conference. I am fulfilling that value and that can give me the boost, the motivation, the eagerness I need to say yes when my brain is screaming in a very habitual way to say no.

19:21So opposite action is one thing. Sometimes that's too hard. So the second thing is if you hold a particular value of sharing and spreading your expertise and collaborating and participating in these public conferences is too much. What are other ways in which you can realize your values? So you're not leading a small life, a contained life, a life with really hard boundaries in it. How can you expand your boundaries just a little bit and live in a more...

19:49It sounds a little woo-woo, but it's really not. It's part of acceptance and commitment therapy. How can you live a life of value until you can build up that courage and excitement for doing opposite action?

20:01Grace, can you tell us what that looked like for you just to give us a demonstration? Yeah, sure. So for me, I'd have to think through one of my professional values, and that's really helping people learn self-regulation strategies, how to project manage themselves so they have lower stress and more mindfulness in their life.

20:21And I could, for example, do a big conference at my university. We're inviting a bunch of student groups to come and we talk about this. We engage with one another. I'm on stage. The spotlight is on me for a sustained period of time.

20:38And I just feel the cold spot running down my back the whole time because in the background my brain is thinking, oh my gosh, they're judging how I look. They're judging how I look. I do research on this. I know that they're judging how I look. And so it just creates a really tense situation within me. And so I, if I'm taking kind of the, I wouldn't say easier route, but my first step is to say, okay.

20:59If my passion is around teaching people how to self-regulate a little bit better, what are some other steps I can take while I learn to become aware of these self-limiting beliefs and kind of catch and release them back into the wild? And so for me, it was developing my own class at DePaul, which is just 30 students rather than 300 students. So it's a smaller stage.

21:22Once I found the courage to do that, then I developed a larger program with more students and more public-facing events. And so I grew that as a way to display opposite action, to lean into the spotlight, even when everything inside of me was saying, go home, hide in your condo, don't show your body.

21:40barely show your face on camera and go forth in the world. So it was a process and it took many years, many years to get there. Yeah. And you know, one of the things I notice about that is you're not getting rid of the fact that people will judge you. You know that that's going to be the case. It's more accepting that that's going to happen and still doing what you want to do anyway. Absolutely. And I'm low to tell people you must do this, but there is some internal work to do when you have these habitual impulses to lean out of life because of body consciousness and poor body image. It takes a lot of time and effort and it's not what most people are doing and so it can feel lonesome as well, but it's really the only way to confront those body-based self-limiting beliefs. Sure. Habiba, what advice do you have for our listener?

22:35share in her struggles. I think when you deal with the internalization, it's like your brain tells you that it's everybody. Everybody's talking about you. Everybody's judging everybody. And the reality is, and I had to remind it's not everybody, but it may be, you know, a few individuals, you know, work with people who told me, oh, you know, fat people make me sick. They do this and I'm sitting here.

23:01feeling like, are you looking at me? He's like, oh, well, not you. Not you. Like, what do you mean, you know, that people can be so insensitive of your struggles. I find myself, you know, avoiding the camera, avoiding the outing. Like, I want to possibly catapult myself into the world of expert speaking, you know, on the subject. But because I still have these struggles, you know, I've been less involved in trying to make that happen. But I have to remind myself, I think the more you accomplish things that you didn't think you could do, it just builds your confidence to do the next thing. So like Grace said, because I was thinking when she was talking, she created her own class of 30 people, something she was comfortable with. And that was my thought for this listener, take on something, create it. And then if she's able to do that and to step up there,

23:59into It's sad to think that we have to to do these things to kind of earn the respect and everything But she gets up there and does this thing she thinks she can't do Speaks her expertise. There's someone else in the audience that thought they couldn't do it that's watching her do it and now they're gaining the confidence that they can in turn do it too and you know growing up as a Marginalized minority in this country like it's everything representation Matters it matters to someone doing something that you did not think was possible and do it Yeah, right and so I just tell myself to do it to just do it like the bias is gonna be there and The funny thing is is that with internalization the bias may not be there You know we internalize that it's there because we know that we are not what people are looking for That's what the world has told us

24:59And it's a lie. It's a lie to think that someone prefers one aesthetic all the time. It's a lie to think that there's not people out there who admire and adore someone who's in a larger body size. It's a lie. It baffles me that people think that one aesthetic fits all.

25:21And I love seeing the body positive movements that we have, the more inclusive advertising that some people are being extremely intentional about doing. I hope that people are seeing how much representation matters so much. So for me, that's part of it. If someone sees me doing it, like getting my doctorate, that was never something that I thought I could do. Coming from where I come from, I didn't see it.

25:50Then I had a cousin do it and I thought she do it I could do yeah, and I think if she can Think about things from that level and maybe that can be some motivation. It definitely motivates me So we've been talking about how to be more sensitive to the experiences of larger-bodied women We work with but I also want to point out as one of our readers did The need to be sensitive to how we talk about food and weight because you just never know what people are dealing with the reader Anna spoke with our producer about her experiences and we're gonna hear moments of that conversation There are some weird things that happen when you're a smaller person at work And the way people feel like it's perfectly okay to talk about your body and the things that people will say to you and

26:43they don't think that it's hurtful or mean because you're small. Like I had one of my male colleagues we were in a meeting and that conference room was icy cold. And I did this small talk comment about it being cold and he said, well, you'd probably be warmer if you ate a sandwich. And I was mortified. That's where I think most of the other people in the room, but it's like everybody laughs it off because it's not mean if you say it to a skinny person.

27:10It's the little things like that like if I don't take a cookie when someone brings cookies in people will comment on it I've been put very publicly in my place about not taking a cookie by a superior at one point I Was like no, thank you. I'm good and she was like oh you don't want a cookie why wouldn't you want a cookie and I was like I don't want a cookie today and Then she sits back down and she goes, well, everybody remember and I doesn't want cookies. So please don't offer her a cookie. It was awful. So I will usually not take a cookie. I'm often restricting what I'm eating. I've struggled with eating disorders and probably I'm still participating some eating disorder behaviors like constantly dieting. For me, this is the first time really in the last like two or three years that I've just decided to.

28:01Acknowledge that that is something I live with probably because I'm confident enough that nobody's gonna fire me for it But also it has helped my co-workers kind of understand where I'm coming from like today One of my good friends is leaving her last day is Friday and she had her husband make lasagna and garlic bread and bring it in and I Did my absolute best and I got the smallest possible portion of lasagna and a little piece of garlic bread and As soon as I sat down, the guy to my left was like, oh, you eat like such a bird. And then I was asked by one of the other directors if I was on a diet. I just said, Brad, I'm basically always dieting. He was like, oh, okay, I'll let it go. It's like, okay. A lot of women have eating disorders are engaged in some sort of eating disorder behavior. If we talked about it a little bit more, maybe we would all kind of understand that we have a lot more baggage around food, regardless of what size we are.

29:00and a lot more baggage around our size than meets the eye. So it seems like people think it's okay to comment on women's bodies and their eating habits. So what's that about? I think it's it's like white noise. I think it's like small talk that we feel we must say and like fill the spaces for some reason. I also believe it's self serving.

29:27When you see a thin person, someone considered thin, you assume they've always been thin. So if we're a bigger person, then the comments are to make them feel bad because of how we feel about ourselves. An example of being like off of the cookie. If I'm offered a cookie as a smaller person, you know, so what does it say about me as a larger person to accept the cookie? Now I've internalized you not wanting a cookie. And if I want a cookie, well, what does it say about me? You know, I feel like we're all guilty of these behaviors. And that's why I wanted to focus on.

29:55just making people aware and so I believe in the DEI efforts moving forward need to focus a little more on weight the same way we've made sexual harassment such a thing we do annual education you know what to say and what not to say when you're in these social environments but because weight has been our secret shame it hasn't been talked about it hasn't been addressed we're starting to get smarter about it starting to understand that you can't just say anything about anybody without affecting their feelings. So I believe when weight is addressed in the DEI environment a little more often, then things can start to change in the workplace. Right. Grace, what's your take on why we feel so comfortable commenting on women's eating habits and body size? A lot of us, we internalize this fear of being fat or being thought of as being fat and all the stereotypes that go along with it.

30:53and this fear of appearing unhealthy because that's what a lot of people assume if you are in a larger body. And so because we fear this fatness, we don't push back when somebody comments on what we're doing with our bodies because we think in some ways maybe we deserve to hear it, maybe we deserve that shame. And so we don't gently correct or not so gently correct a coworker on the inappropriateness of such a comment about what you are or are not eating in the workplace because again, it echoes the conversation we're having inside of ourselves about our own eating behaviors. Anna, she talked about within herself she has some disordered eating which alongside disordered eating comes ruminative conversation policing what you are and are not eating and so to hear somebody else at work say those same things it's hurtful but I don't think it's actually jarring and it doesn't

31:51insight within you this motivation to correct them because it's just what we are accustomed to. It's the white noise around us. So I don't mean to put the burden of correction just on larger people or just on notably smaller people. I believe that we all have some responsibility to be aware of and recognize certain conversations around.

32:14eating habits and body size as no longer appropriate for the workplace out of respect for people's own internal processing of their body image, again, to Habiba's point. Yeah, so let's get really practical then. So when someone says something like they did to Anna and you're present, what could we say to counter or to interrupt that bias? If I overheard that conversation, I might say something like, that seems like a very personal comment, subject change.

32:44So I'm very short and sweet about it, but I want to convey it's none of our business what Anna does or does not eat. What she's feeling about her body. It's just none of my business because I have no idea what's going on in her brain or her day. Mind your own business at the end of the day. And so whether.

33:04I should or should not be. I try to be very pleasant about it because this is such a sensitive conversation and it is such a part of social connection to gripe about our bodies, to talk about plans we have for our bodies, the cleanse we're doing, the hike we're doing, whatever it may be and how it's going to transform us into a different looking rather than different feeling human being. And so I try to be pleasant because people are not accustomed to a ton of bricks coming down on them if they happen to say, oh, why don't you want the cookie? But I do think that there needs to be a hard boundary about what is and is not your business. So I think we can all be that for our fellow co-workers. Yeah. Well, I think coming down like a ton of bricks on someone who makes that comment contributes to their shame, which as the research shows does not contribute to behavior change, instead leads to counterproductive behavior.

33:59What should we do? How should we respond when we hear a colleague make a disparaging comment about her own body? You know, I've been this person, I reach for a cookie, I gobble it down and then maybe even reach for a second one. And that's when I might say out loud, oh my God, why did I do that to myself? What do we say that doesn't feed into the weight bias? What could you say to me that would Take me out of that shame spiral I'm in. Sure. I might put just a little thread of a different idea in your brain. I might say something like, hmm, when I eat cookies, I feel a little boost of energy from the sugar and I'm a little more focused. Just trying to insert.

34:43an alternative or different association with the very pleasurable act of eating a cookie. We eat the cookie because it's pleasurable and we need to re-associate the consumption of that cookie with pleasure. And then you take one and then I would take one myself and say, cheers, you know, if I were feeling it. Just something like that to re-associate what it means to consume. Yeah, you're disassociating it from the weight issue, right? You're connecting it to the reason we actually got the cookie, which is that it's cookies are delicious. And so why not just focus on that? And I also wonder if you could say something like, I sometimes beat myself up too, but I actually really love cookies. And I'm sort of sick of feeling shame about that. Why not? Yeah. Well, and I do think when you're trying to educate people about bias, it's helpful to talk about your

35:33transformation or your journey from one thought to another because it shows there's a path. And it also doesn't hold you up as this virtuous person who always believed you had no anti-fat buys. So instead you're saying, yeah, I thought those things about myself or about others too. And now here's what I'm trying to think and focus on instead. Exactly. So, you know, as Anna was saying, we've a lot more baggage around our size than meets the eye. What do you wish managers knew?

36:01about the baggage that many women carry with them into work. Abiba, thoughts? I think the most important thing to understand is internalization. We talk about weight bias. Everything is internalized. So being that person who, if you witnessed it to correct the behavior, just like you would anything else. And someone's not going to let you say something sexually inappropriate in the workplace and get away with it. And we need to start treating situations with weight discrimination weight bias the same it's not going to be tolerated and so for me I think the biggest thing in the workplace from HR standpoint from a management standpoint is to add weight discrimination to the DEI conversation it has to be like you can work on diversity but if I am living in a larger body as a black woman and I see another black woman who's like this perfectly look like she was

36:54plucked, you know, out of a magazine. It's great that I see her. But I think the other side is it's really just representation. So it's almost like you're saying, yeah, you know, we believe in diversity, but you have to look a certain way. And so to expound on their definition of diversity is what I need for like HR and management to do.

37:20In my experience, I haven't seen the new hires or anyone representing any diversity in body shape. And once again, because weight is seen as the moral failure on the person living in the larger body, it's not something that we feel like we have to move on. It's not something that we feel like we have to be inclusive with. But I really need the conversation to start changing to recognize that these are the bodies that we're in. And we can be healthy.

37:50within this body. Absolutely. You know, one of the things that we've covered in some HBR articles around DEI and around trying to raise manager's awareness of bias is something called priming. So before you get into a conversation about performance reviews for your employees, for example, is acknowledging that bias might creep into the discussion, racial bias, gender bias. But I've never heard that used around weight bias and wouldn't it be wonderful if managers before they were making compensation decisions, before they were making promotion decisions were made to be aware that this might play a role and therefore to watch out for it. Because I think we often think of the consequence of the weight bias of being someone's feelings and this conversation has just raised my own awareness that it's so much more

38:39than that. It's not about whether you're hurting someone's feelings, which we should take seriously to, but it has such broader consequences. I do want to return to Nina, who we heard from the diversity and inclusion manager. And, you know, she's only a few months into her new job, but she said she'd like to do some of these company-wide initiatives that we're sort of alluding to that encourage employees to live both a healthy lifestyle and accept anyone of any size. Any advice for her on achieving both those goals at the same time sort of encouraging healthy living but also making sure we accept whatever the result of that healthy living is in terms of people's body size. So one piece of advice that I could provide to Nina is to

39:28Number one, realize that what health means to people is very specific and intrinsic to them. So any type of one size fits all program, even something as basic as a steps program, which I know a lot of workplaces have, that may not be the way to realize health for everybody.

39:46So the way in which you talk about health, the extent to which people can personalize and individualized what a holistic view of health looks like for them rather than having to do specific directives.

39:59the more productive and more responsive I believe employees will be. And in that way, you're kind of sowing the seeds there of we all have different journeys, we all have different paths, we are all individual people, and therefore we all have different sizes. And so implicitly, you're also talking about this acceptance of not only approach to health, but manifestations of health in the workplace. I would also add, Any sort of intervention or suggestion you want to provide to employees can again circle back to not reducing their body size, but how can they be more comfortable, energetic, refreshed, relaxed, lower stress in their body? How can they, in a more holistic way again, not to be woo-woo, but our ideas of well-being are often narrowly constrained to weight because there is so much cultural pressure to be slim, but what brings us well-being is so much broader than that. And you can leave weight out of the conversation and still have a complete

41:02a absolutely complete, healthy lifestyle HR program running in the workplace. Yeah. Grace Habiba, thank you so much. Thank you. Yes, thank you both. This has just been such an eye-opening conversation and such an important one. I'm glad we're bringing this out of the secrecy zone and more into the public realm. It was a pleasure. Thank you so much. That's our show. I'm Amy Gallo. I'm Amy Bernstein.

41:36If you want to take the implicit association test for weight that Habiba was talking about, you can find it by going to implicit.harvard.edu. Rob Eckhart, Erica Truxler, Ian Fox, and Hannah Bates. Robin Moore composed our theme music. Thanks for listening. Email us anytime at women at work at hbr.org. Did you know that Women at Work is books and audiobooks? The HBR Women at Work series addresses the various predicaments and opportunities that life confronts us with as we go along in our careers. Three of the books are already out. You the leader, speak up, speak out.

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